St. Lucie County in Florida discovered (alt link) a dozen Flock cameras whose ownership it can’t identify, and that the county government had not permitted.

I am reminded of the decade-old story of StingRay cell phone surveillance devices in Washington, DC, whose operators were also unknown.

My guess is that in the StingRay case, the devices were operated by foreign actors. This Flock case is more likely some local government entity that didn’t bother getting approval. Were I a foreign actor, I would rather hack the existing Flock network—like Israel did with Tehran’s surveillance cameras—than risk installing my own.

Regardless, once we normalize a surveillance infrastructure, both friends and foes will take advantage of it.

Researchers at Northeastern University, in collaboration with Consumer Reports, evaluated how much modern cars spy in their drivers:

The new Northeastern study shows, for the first time, data flowing among the vehicles, the vehicle apps you download when you buy your car, and third-party companies, documenting exactly what kind of data gets siphoned from our vehicles and which companies are receiving that information.

Basically, your car’s manufacturer has you under constant surveillance, and they use that data against you.

The companies on the receiving end of your data, our investigation has found, include car insurers and lenders that are partners in “telematics data exchanges,” which compile driving data on millions of drivers, thousands of data brokers that create personalized risk scores, companies selling infotainment and WiFi hotspot products, and even local and state government agencies working on planning, traffic, and safety initiatives.

Nearly every automaker sent data to outside companies.

Even more troubling, almost a quarter of the vehicle apps were found to be sending out personally identifiable information, including vehicle owners’ names, vehicle identification numbers (VINs), and precise geographic locations. That information can make it easy for companies to link driving behavior to personal data profiles created by data brokers and marketers. Such profiles are routinely sold to banks, insurers, pharmaceutical companies, lenders, and retailers, who can use it for personalized loan terms and filtered bank and insurance offers, a CR and CalMatters investigation found.

Remember the adage “If you’re not the customer, then you’re the product”? (The sentiment is older than you think.) Turns out that with modern internet-connected everything, you’re the product even if you are the customer.

The US government is alerting millions of people that their personal information was stolen during a breach of the Pentagon’s personnel records at the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC).

The DMDC is a central US Department of Defense (DoD) organization that manages personnel records, ID credentials, and benefit entitlements for military and civilian staff, veterans, and their families. It maintains over 60 million records for US military and civilian staff and their family members to help determine benefits and entitlements, such as healthcare and retirement.

Reportedly, cybercriminals had access from October 2025 to July 2026. CNN reports that the Pentagon confirmed the breach affects 2.76 million living individuals, potentially including current and former defense personnel or their dependents, and 294,000 deceased individuals.

A notification shared on Reddit states:

“A small number of unauthorized users accessed files on a server containing unencrypted PII.”

PII means personally identifiable information. The attackers gained access by exploiting a security vulnerability in an unspecified file-sharing system. The Pentagon says it has “no indication” of misuse. It hasn’t explained how it reached that conclusion or what it considers misuse, and it doesn’t rule out future misuse of the exposed information.

The exposed data is said to include Social Security numbers, names, dates of birth, sex, race, and service details. Some records also include contact information and occupational specialty.

Besides the risk that this data could help foreign intelligence services track US personnel, affected people face a lasting risk of identity theft. Birth dates cannot be changed, and Social Security numbers can only be changed in limited circumstances.

Breaches happen every day. Don’t be the last to know.

SEE PLANS

What to do if you’re affected

The Pentagon is offering 12 months of credit monitoring through IDX. If you receive a notification letter, take up the offer and consider a credit freeze with all three major credit bureaus: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. A freeze is free and restricts access to your credit report, helping prevent someone from opening new credit accounts in your name.

Other recommendations are:

• Get an IRS Identity Protection PIN to prevent someone else from filing a federal tax return using your Social Security number.
• Be suspicious of unexpected calls, emails, and texts, especially ones that mention your unit, rank, or job. Attackers can use the stolen details to make phishing attempts more convincing.
• Verify requests through official channels you look up yourself, rather than through contact details in the message.
• Use unique passwords and multi-factor authentication on email, banking, and benefits accounts.
• Limit location sharing and review privacy settings on phones and apps, since military leaders have raised concerns about commercial location data being used to target personnel.
• Follow instructions in the breach letter and further official communications and report any suspicious approach to your security officer.

Let’s face it, an incognito window can only do so much. 
 
Breaches, dark web trading, credit fraud. Malwarebytes Identity Theft Protection monitors for all of it, alerts you fast, and comes with identity theft insurance. 

The US government is alerting millions of people that their personal information was stolen during a breach of the Pentagon’s personnel records at the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC).

The DMDC is a central US Department of Defense (DoD) organization that manages personnel records, ID credentials, and benefit entitlements for military and civilian staff, veterans, and their families. It maintains over 60 million records for US military and civilian staff and their family members to help determine benefits and entitlements, such as healthcare and retirement.

Reportedly, cybercriminals had access from October 2025 to July 2026. CNN reports that the Pentagon confirmed the breach affects 2.76 million living individuals, potentially including current and former defense personnel or their dependents, and 294,000 deceased individuals.

A notification shared on Reddit states:

“A small number of unauthorized users accessed files on a server containing unencrypted PII.”

PII means personally identifiable information. The attackers gained access by exploiting a security vulnerability in an unspecified file-sharing system. The Pentagon says it has “no indication” of misuse. It hasn’t explained how it reached that conclusion or what it considers misuse, and it doesn’t rule out future misuse of the exposed information.

The exposed data is said to include Social Security numbers, names, dates of birth, sex, race, and service details. Some records also include contact information and occupational specialty.

Besides the risk that this data could help foreign intelligence services track US personnel, affected people face a lasting risk of identity theft. Birth dates cannot be changed, and Social Security numbers can only be changed in limited circumstances.

Breaches happen every day. Don’t be the last to know.

SEE PLANS

What to do if you’re affected

The Pentagon is offering 12 months of credit monitoring through IDX. If you receive a notification letter, take up the offer and consider a credit freeze with all three major credit bureaus: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. A freeze is free and restricts access to your credit report, helping prevent someone from opening new credit accounts in your name.

Other recommendations are:

• Get an IRS Identity Protection PIN to prevent someone else from filing a federal tax return using your Social Security number.
• Be suspicious of unexpected calls, emails, and texts, especially ones that mention your unit, rank, or job. Attackers can use the stolen details to make phishing attempts more convincing.
• Verify requests through official channels you look up yourself, rather than through contact details in the message.
• Use unique passwords and multi-factor authentication on email, banking, and benefits accounts.
• Limit location sharing and review privacy settings on phones and apps, since military leaders have raised concerns about commercial location data being used to target personnel.
• Follow instructions in the breach letter and further official communications and report any suspicious approach to your security officer.

Let’s face it, an incognito window can only do so much. 
 
Breaches, dark web trading, credit fraud. Malwarebytes Identity Theft Protection monitors for all of it, alerts you fast, and comes with identity theft insurance. 

A study testing 21 cars from 19 brands and 30 companion apps found connections to advertising and tracking companies, and evidence that some apps shared sensitive personal data.

Modern cars can unlock remotely, route around traffic, stream entertainment, summon roadside help, and cool or heat the cabin before you get in. But those conveniences come with a privacy cost that drivers may struggle to see and are unable to refuse.

We’ve covered cars and privacy a few times before, especially after Mozilla researchers described cars as a “privacy nightmare.”

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton investigated car manufacturers seeking details of their data collection and sharing practices, and sued General Motors over allegations that it sold customer driving data to third parties.

Researchers from Northeastern University, working with Consumer Reports, tested vehicles from model years 2022 through 2025 and companion apps, observing network traffic while cars were stationary, driven, and used through their apps. The results reinforce an uncomfortable reality: connected vehicles are data-collection platforms on wheels.

The results in a nutshell:

• Both vehicles and companion apps contacted third-party domains, including those associated with advertising and tracking.
• 19 of 21 vehicles contacted at least one third party over Wi-Fi.
• 7 of 30 apps transmitted sensitive identifiers to third parties associated with advertising and tracking.

The troubling part is not that a car talks to its manufacturer. After all, a connected vehicle needs some network access for safety alerts, navigation, account functions, and maintenance. The bigger issue is the potential combination of identifiers. A vehicle identification number (VIN) can link a particular vehicle to its owner, while precise location can reveal highly sensitive patterns: where someone sleeps, works, worships, seeks medical care, spends time with friends, or travels. Add an email address or a name, and that information can be easier to connect to the detailed consumer profiles held by advertisers and data brokers.

And that’s before considering the privacy concerns around cameras that monitor drivers’ faces for signs of distraction or impairment.

Consent with strings attached

Consent is a weak safeguard when drivers have to accept extensive terms to use functions advertised as part of the vehicle. Several manufacturers said their connected services were opt-in, but declining can mean losing useful functionality. For example, Consumer Reports noted a Tesla warning that refusing its agreement may result in:

“reduced functionality, serious damage, or inoperability.”

That hardly sounds like freely given, informed consent.

There was one sign that scrutiny can matter: after researchers presented their findings, Honda told Consumer Reports it had directed vendor Amplitude to delete location data it received and stopped sending it going forward. But consumers should not need an academic study to discover who their car or its app is sharing data with.

Especially when Amazon, Google, Meta, and Microsoft—companies that already know plenty about us—were among the leading recipients of the driver data.

Until automakers collect less data and provide clear privacy settings, meaningful opt-outs, and deletion controls, drivers should treat a connected car, and especially its companion app, as another privacy-sensitive device. Review app permissions, turn off optional data-sharing settings, avoid linking unnecessary accounts, and ask manufacturers what data they retain, share, and delete.

Browse like no one’s watching. 

Malwarebytes Privacy VPN encrypts your connection and never logs what you do, so the next story you read doesn’t have to feel personal. Try it free → 

A study testing 21 cars from 19 brands and 30 companion apps found connections to advertising and tracking companies, and evidence that some apps shared sensitive personal data.

Modern cars can unlock remotely, route around traffic, stream entertainment, summon roadside help, and cool or heat the cabin before you get in. But those conveniences come with a privacy cost that drivers may struggle to see and are unable to refuse.

We’ve covered cars and privacy a few times before, especially after Mozilla researchers described cars as a “privacy nightmare.”

Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton investigated car manufacturers seeking details of their data collection and sharing practices, and sued General Motors over allegations that it sold customer driving data to third parties.

Researchers from Northeastern University, working with Consumer Reports, tested vehicles from model years 2022 through 2025 and companion apps, observing network traffic while cars were stationary, driven, and used through their apps. The results reinforce an uncomfortable reality: connected vehicles are data-collection platforms on wheels.

The results in a nutshell:

• Both vehicles and companion apps contacted third-party domains, including those associated with advertising and tracking.
• 19 of 21 vehicles contacted at least one third party over Wi-Fi.
• 7 of 30 apps transmitted sensitive identifiers to third parties associated with advertising and tracking.

The troubling part is not that a car talks to its manufacturer. After all, a connected vehicle needs some network access for safety alerts, navigation, account functions, and maintenance. The bigger issue is the potential combination of identifiers. A vehicle identification number (VIN) can link a particular vehicle to its owner, while precise location can reveal highly sensitive patterns: where someone sleeps, works, worships, seeks medical care, spends time with friends, or travels. Add an email address or a name, and that information can be easier to connect to the detailed consumer profiles held by advertisers and data brokers.

And that’s before considering the privacy concerns around cameras that monitor drivers’ faces for signs of distraction or impairment.

Consent with strings attached

Consent is a weak safeguard when drivers have to accept extensive terms to use functions advertised as part of the vehicle. Several manufacturers said their connected services were opt-in, but declining can mean losing useful functionality. For example, Consumer Reports noted a Tesla warning that refusing its agreement may result in:

“reduced functionality, serious damage, or inoperability.”

That hardly sounds like freely given, informed consent.

There was one sign that scrutiny can matter: after researchers presented their findings, Honda told Consumer Reports it had directed vendor Amplitude to delete location data it received and stopped sending it going forward. But consumers should not need an academic study to discover who their car or its app is sharing data with.

Especially when Amazon, Google, Meta, and Microsoft—companies that already know plenty about us—were among the leading recipients of the driver data.

Until automakers collect less data and provide clear privacy settings, meaningful opt-outs, and deletion controls, drivers should treat a connected car, and especially its companion app, as another privacy-sensitive device. Review app permissions, turn off optional data-sharing settings, avoid linking unnecessary accounts, and ask manufacturers what data they retain, share, and delete.

Browse like no one’s watching. 

Malwarebytes Privacy VPN encrypts your connection and never logs what you do, so the next story you read doesn’t have to feel personal. Try it free → 

The Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) has fined Google €403 million ($459 million) for violating European privacy law. The penalty follows a six-year inquiry into Google’s management of user location data between May 2018 and February 2020.

During that time, Google collected users’ location data without making clear that it could be used to infer their interests and shape the ads they saw.

Google’s location history keeps track of users’ locations when using their devices. It’s an opt-in service that includes a Timeline feature to display a private map of the places they’ve visited. A separate Android feature, Location Accuracy, helps devices determine their location more accurately than GPS alone.

Google had told users that they could stop Location History tracking by turning off that setting. But a report by the Associated Press in 2018 found that doing so wasn’t enough to stop Google from saving some of that location data. Researchers at Princeton University later confirmed the AP’s findings.

One reason was Web & App Activity, a separate Google account setting that can save information about what Google account holders have been browsing on the web and doing with their apps. That service was also collecting location data. Turning off Location History did not turn off Web & App Activity.

This issue led to payouts in multiple US jurisdictions. Google agreed to pay $85 million to Arizona in October 2022, $392 million to 40 states that November, and $9.5 million to the District of Columbia the following month. It also agreed to pay $39.9 million to Washington State in 2023, $1.38 billion to Texas in May 2025 as part of a two-suit settlement. Last September, a jury awarded $425 million in a separate class action case.

The DPC first looked into the issue in 2018 after the AP investigation and launched an official statutory inquiry in February 2020. Along with the fine, it has ordered Google to bring its location data processing into compliance within six months. The DPC says it will publish the full text of its decision in due course.

Google told Bloomberg that it had revised its practices since 2019 and launched tools to make location data easier to manage. In December 2023, Google announced that it would change its Timeline feature to keep its data on users’ devices. It also said that, for people turning on Location History for the first time, the default period before data is automatically deleted would fall from 18 months to 3 months.

This isn’t the only Google-related investigation that the DPC has launched. It launched one on Google’s processing of EU residents’ data for its AI model two years ago, and another related to the processing of personal data for its online Ad Exchange in 2019.

Check your Google location settings

Turning off Timeline doesn’t stop Google from saving location information through other settings. Check Web & App Activity and, if you see it, Search Services History too.

You can turn these settings off and delete activity already saved to your account.

Browse like no one’s watching. 

Malwarebytes Privacy VPN encrypts your connection and never logs what you do, so the next story you read doesn’t have to feel personal. Try it free → 

Apart from the privacy concerns around smart glasses, researchers have found that some cheap brands come with barely any security at all.

ABC Australia reports that researchers from NSB Cyber and Abstract Shield tested two inexpensive pairs, costing A$60 and A$110 (around US$42 and US$78), and found more than a dozen flaws across the smart glasses themselves, their app, and an associated website.

The main problem they uncovered was insecure Bluetooth pairing: If the glasses were powered on and not connected to their owner’s phone, an attacker could connect first, with no password or meaningful pairing confirmation.

After connecting, an attacker could reportedly control the glasses to capture photos or recordings, copy existing media, and intercept data moving between the glasses and the phone. An attacker could also make another device appear to be the victim’s glasses, allowing it to connect to the owner’s mobile app.

The testing also found that a Bluetooth-visible device identifier could allegedly be used with a weakness in the app’s website to retrieve a user’s email address and date of birth.

The research uncovered another privacy issue. ABC reports that voice or text submitted to the built-in AI, along with images sent to it, was first transmitted to a server in Shenzhen and could be forwarded elsewhere, depending on the function. The tests did not establish how the data was subsequently used.

The server locations, combined with some of the AI’s answers to specific questions, led researchers to conclude that the chatbot companion relied at least in part on Chinese sovereign AI models. Professor Kimberlee Weatherall, a technology regulation expert involved in the testing, said the failure to identify China in the privacy policy appeared to violate the Australian Privacy Principles,

The timing of the testing is also relevant because Australia’s smart-device security standards apply to most consumer smart devices manufactured on or after March 4, 2026. They require, among other measures, no universal default passwords, a way to report vulnerabilities, and information about the minimum security-update period. Devices made before that date are outside the requirements.

Experts quoted by ABC said the devices violated Australia’s privacy laws and were also likely to breach several sections of the Cyber Security Act. However, whether the new smart-device standards apply would depend partly on when the glasses were manufactured, and the rules have not yet been tested in a known enforcement action.

Professor Weatherall said:

“The rules say that the password must be unique. It doesn’t even seem like they were applying a password, which might mean that their standards are so low they don’t even technically breach that rule, which I find amazing.”

What to do

We’re not fans of smart glasses, expensive or cheap. But if you own a pair:

• Avoid pairing or using inexpensive camera glasses that lack a clear physical pairing step, account authentication, a published security-contact process, and a stated update-support period.
• Stop using their AI or cloud features for sensitive material, remove unnecessary permissions from the companion app, check for firmware and app updates, and consider returning the product if the vendor cannot document a fix.
• Ask permission before recording people, and check your local laws to understand what is and isn’t allowed.

From reporting threats to removing them.

Cybersecurity risks should never spread beyond a headline. Keep threats off your devices by downloading Malwarebytes today.

VPN use is growing around the world, with the worldwide average holding steady at 20% growth per year. Users have come to appreciate everything a VPN offers: it encrypts your connection, shields you from relentless ISP tracking (and the targeted ads that often come with it), hides your IP address and location, and lets you keep using your favorite paid services while traveling. This matters most at big public events, like international football tournaments, the Olympics, or concerts by popular performers, where the odds of scammers intercepting an unprotected Wi-Fi connection go up sharply.

That said, VPNs come with their own frustrations. One of the biggest is that many smart devices – including TVs, game consoles, streaming boxes, and smart-home gadgets – can’t run a VPN at all. On top of that, you usually have to set up the VPN separately on every single device in your home. Installing the VPN directly on your home router solves both problems at once: it protects your entire home network, including newly added devices. Here’s a closer look at what benefits that setup gives you.

1. Every device gets VPN protection

Turn on a VPN on your router, and every device connected to your home Wi-Fi automatically sends its traffic through that protected, encrypted connection. There’s nothing extra to do: connect your phone, laptop, or TV to the Wi-Fi, and its traffic is already routed through the VPN.

Many paid VPN services cap the number of devices you can use under a single subscription. But your router only counts as one device on that list, even though it might be protecting a dozen or more gadgets in your home at once.

It’s worth noting that installing a VPN on a router is usually only possible with paid VPN services. Free plans typically don’t offer this option, or only allow it in a very limited way.

2. Set it up and forget it

Setting up a VPN on every phone and computer in the house can get tedious fast. And if your home devices run on a mix of operating systems, you’ve to start by locating the VPN settings on each one, since Android, Windows, iOS, and macOS all handle this differently.

With a router setup, you configure the VPN once, and it automatically covers any new device you connect later too.

3. Protection even for devices that don’t support VPN

Plenty of devices can’t run a VPN at all. That includes smart TVs, streaming boxes, game consoles, and nearly every piece of smart-home tech out there, from baby monitors to robot vacuums. A VPN on your router protects all of them, and you don’t have to tinker with your vacuum cleaner or smart bulb’s settings separately.

4. No need to worry about turning the VPN on and off

Many people want to make sure that not a single byte of their data leaves their device before the VPN kicks in. The problem is that there’s always a short gap between turning on a computer or phone and the VPN firing up, and during that window, data travels over the internet unencrypted.

The usual fixes are to turn on special features – such as Always On VPN or a VPN kill switch – in the operating system or VPN app. A more effective option though is running the VPN on the router itself. That way, “not a byte without the VPN” becomes true automatically for every device on your home network. But for complete peace of mind, you’ll still want to set up a kill switch on the router too, so that if the VPN ever disconnects (say, the VPN server becomes temporarily unavailable), your devices lose their internet connection entirely rather than falling back to an unprotected one.

5. Working remotely with two VPNs at once

Another common headache is needing to run two VPN services at the same time. This usually comes up with remote work: you need a corporate VPN to connect to your company’s network, while also wanting a personal VPN for everything else. On many devices, running two VPN connections at once for different purposes is either a real hassle to configure or not possible at all. Constantly switching between the two isn’t convenient either, and it opens up privacy and security gaps.

A VPN on your router solves this too. You simply turn on the corporate VPN on your work computer, and it runs on top of your Wi-Fi connection, which is already protected by your personal VPN on the router. In effect, you end up with one VPN nested inside the other (corporate VPN → Wi-Fi → VPN → internet), but this layered setup rarely causes any issues.

6. Getting around apps that block VPNs

Some banking and streaming apps can detect when a VPN app is running on your device and simply refuse to work. Usually, they can’t tell what kind of VPN it is or why you’re using it. They just object to any VPN connection being active at all. If the VPN runs on your router instead of on the device itself, this problem disappears.

7. Protecting guests on your home network

Any device belonging to friends or family that connects to your Wi-Fi automatically gets VPN protection too, with no setup required on their end.

8. Less strain on your devices

Since the router handles the encryption workload, your phones, tablets, and other lightweight devices can use less computing power and drain less battery than they would if running a VPN themselves.

9. Simplified VPN management

Need to switch VPN servers, change protocols, or tweak other settings? Just do it once, on the router. There’s no need to reconfigure every device separately.

Precautions and things to keep in mind

For all its advantages, running a VPN on your router does come with a few trade-offs worth knowing about.

• Encrypting traffic for an entire network takes real processing power, so on an underpowered router, your connection speed may end up limited.
• Some routers don’t support VPNs at all, or only work with older, less secure protocols like PPTP.
• If your router was issued by your ISP, you may not have enough permissions to install a VPN on it.

In any of these cases, you can buy a more capable router that supports VPNs, and use it either instead of, or alongside the ISP-issued box, setting up your home network and VPN on your own hardware.

With this setup, your devices connect as follows: device → Wi-Fi or Ethernet → personal VPN on router → internet. For computers that also connect to a corporate VPN, the path looks slightly different: corporate VPN on computer → Wi-Fi or Ethernet → personal VPN on router → internet.

If you can’t connect your own router directly to your ISP’s network because your model lacks the right port (for example, with a fiber connection), you can use an Ethernet cable to plug your personal router’s input into your provider’s box. In that case, you can either switch the ISP-issued router into bridge mode or simply turn off its Wi-Fi so it doesn’t add unnecessary wireless clutter, since its only job now is connecting to the provider’s network and passing that connection along to your own router.

It’s also worth noting that some online services – like banks, government sites, online stores, and streaming platforms – may restrict or block access entirely when they detect a foreign IP address through a VPN. To get around this, you can either turn off Wi-Fi on your phone and use your mobile data instead, or take a more sophisticated approach to your router setup, as described below.

Most modern routers let you create more than one Wi-Fi network, usually supporting at least a separate home and guest network, each with their own settings. You can use this to create two networks: one with the VPN always on, and one without. Then, for services that don’t play well with VPNs, you can simply switch to the unsecured Wi-Fi network instead.

If you’re willing to spend some more time on setup, there’s an even more convenient option, known as split tunneling: individually configuring certain services or websites to bypass the VPN while sending everything else through your secure VPN connection as usual. To do this, you’ll need to specify the addresses of the sites that should skip the VPN.

Many feature-rich routers also let you divide your home devices into groups and set different connection rules for each group. That way, you could set things up so your smart TV reaches streaming services without a VPN, while your smart home devices, computers, and phones only ever connect to the internet through the protected channel.

How to set up a VPN on your router

Setting up a VPN on your router might sound more complicated than installing it on individual devices, but it delivers far more comfort and protection for your whole home network.

To do this, you’ll need a router that supports VPNs, and a subscription to a VPN service that can generate configuration files for routers using modern VPN protocols. Kaspersky VPN supports the two most widely used VPN protocols – OpenVPN and WireGuard – for connecting routers to the service.

You can create a Kaspersky VPN configuration file for your router by following our detailed guide. For instructions specific to your router model, we recommend searching online or asking an AI assistant something like “how to set up a VPN on {your router model}“.

The Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) has fined Google €403 million ($459 million) for violating European privacy law. The penalty follows a six-year inquiry into Google’s management of user location data between May 2018 and February 2020.

During that time, Google collected users’ location data without making clear that it could be used to infer their interests and shape the ads they saw.

Google’s location history keeps track of users’ locations when using their devices. It’s an opt-in service that includes a Timeline feature to display a private map of the places they’ve visited. A separate Android feature, Location Accuracy, helps devices determine their location more accurately than GPS alone.

Google had told users that they could stop Location History tracking by turning off that setting. But a report by the Associated Press in 2018 found that doing so wasn’t enough to stop Google from saving some of that location data. Researchers at Princeton University later confirmed the AP’s findings.

One reason was Web & App Activity, a separate Google account setting that can save information about what Google account holders have been browsing on the web and doing with their apps. That service was also collecting location data. Turning off Location History did not turn off Web & App Activity.

This issue led to payouts in multiple US jurisdictions. Google agreed to pay $85 million to Arizona in October 2022, $392 million to 40 states that November, and $9.5 million to the District of Columbia the following month. It also agreed to pay $39.9 million to Washington State in 2023, $1.38 billion to Texas in May 2025 as part of a two-suit settlement. Last September, a jury awarded $425 million in a separate class action case.

The DPC first looked into the issue in 2018 after the AP investigation and launched an official statutory inquiry in February 2020. Along with the fine, it has ordered Google to bring its location data processing into compliance within six months. The DPC says it will publish the full text of its decision in due course.

Google told Bloomberg that it had revised its practices since 2019 and launched tools to make location data easier to manage. In December 2023, Google announced that it would change its Timeline feature to keep its data on users’ devices. It also said that, for people turning on Location History for the first time, the default period before data is automatically deleted would fall from 18 months to 3 months.

This isn’t the only Google-related investigation that the DPC has launched. It launched one on Google’s processing of EU residents’ data for its AI model two years ago, and another related to the processing of personal data for its online Ad Exchange in 2019.

Check your Google location settings

Turning off Timeline doesn’t stop Google from saving location information through other settings. Check Web & App Activity and, if you see it, Search Services History too.

You can turn these settings off and delete activity already saved to your account.

Browse like no one’s watching. 

Malwarebytes Privacy VPN encrypts your connection and never logs what you do, so the next story you read doesn’t have to feel personal. Try it free → 

Apart from the privacy concerns around smart glasses, researchers have found that some cheap brands come with barely any security at all.

ABC Australia reports that researchers from NSB Cyber and Abstract Shield tested two inexpensive pairs, costing A$60 and A$110 (around US$42 and US$78), and found more than a dozen flaws across the smart glasses themselves, their app, and an associated website.

The main problem they uncovered was insecure Bluetooth pairing: If the glasses were powered on and not connected to their owner’s phone, an attacker could connect first, with no password or meaningful pairing confirmation.

After connecting, an attacker could reportedly control the glasses to capture photos or recordings, copy existing media, and intercept data moving between the glasses and the phone. An attacker could also make another device appear to be the victim’s glasses, allowing it to connect to the owner’s mobile app.

The testing also found that a Bluetooth-visible device identifier could allegedly be used with a weakness in the app’s website to retrieve a user’s email address and date of birth.

The research uncovered another privacy issue. ABC reports that voice or text submitted to the built-in AI, along with images sent to it, was first transmitted to a server in Shenzhen and could be forwarded elsewhere, depending on the function. The tests did not establish how the data was subsequently used.

The server locations, combined with some of the AI’s answers to specific questions, led researchers to conclude that the chatbot companion relied at least in part on Chinese sovereign AI models. Professor Kimberlee Weatherall, a technology regulation expert involved in the testing, said the failure to identify China in the privacy policy appeared to violate the Australian Privacy Principles,

The timing of the testing is also relevant because Australia’s smart-device security standards apply to most consumer smart devices manufactured on or after March 4, 2026. They require, among other measures, no universal default passwords, a way to report vulnerabilities, and information about the minimum security-update period. Devices made before that date are outside the requirements.

Experts quoted by ABC said the devices violated Australia’s privacy laws and were also likely to breach several sections of the Cyber Security Act. However, whether the new smart-device standards apply would depend partly on when the glasses were manufactured, and the rules have not yet been tested in a known enforcement action.

Professor Weatherall said:

“The rules say that the password must be unique. It doesn’t even seem like they were applying a password, which might mean that their standards are so low they don’t even technically breach that rule, which I find amazing.”

What to do

We’re not fans of smart glasses, expensive or cheap. But if you own a pair:

• Avoid pairing or using inexpensive camera glasses that lack a clear physical pairing step, account authentication, a published security-contact process, and a stated update-support period.
• Stop using their AI or cloud features for sensitive material, remove unnecessary permissions from the companion app, check for firmware and app updates, and consider returning the product if the vendor cannot document a fix.
• Ask permission before recording people, and check your local laws to understand what is and isn’t allowed.

From reporting threats to removing them.

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The consumer data broker Radaris.com has long had a reputation for ignoring requests to remove personal information from its vast empire of people-search services online. That reputation caught up with the company recently in a lawsuit alleging Radaris violated a New Jersey privacy law that provides for hefty fines against data brokers that publish personal information on state law enforcement officials. In the face of repeated stonewalling and prevarication by attorneys for Radaris, the judge in the case ordered that radaris.com and more than a dozen other data broker domains be transferred to the plaintiffs.

The radaris.com website, prior to the domain transfer to Atlas.

In February 2024, Radaris was sued by Atlas Data Privacy Corp, a company that has been pursuing data brokers alleged to be violating a New Jersey statute called Daniel’s Law. The statute allows state law enforcement officials, government personnel, judges and their families to have their information completely removed from commercial data brokers and people-search services, and provides for fines of $1,000 per violation against companies that ignore removal requests.

Less than a month after Atlas sued Radaris, KrebsOnSecurity published a deep dive into the Radaris co-founders — Igor and Dmitry Lubarsky (also spelled Lybarsky) — Russian-born brothers living in Massachusetts who operate a dizzying array of people-search companies as well as a number of Russian language dating services and affiliate programs.

Attorneys for the Lubarsky brothers threatened to sue for defamation if the story wasn’t removed and an apology issued. Their attorney asserted that our reporting was wildly inaccurate, and that the true owners of the company were Ukrainians living in Ukraine.

The Lubarsky brothers Dmitry or “Dan” (left) and Gary/Igor.

KrebsOnSecurity doubled down and showed how the Lubarsky brothers built and operated Radaris and other data broker companies using a fictitious CEO’s name. Our follow-up story noted that Radaris’s attorney — a lawyer with the Boston Law Group named Val Gurvits — admitted his clients had invented the CEO pseudonym “Gary Norden,” and that Radaris also had issued multiple press releases over the years that quoted the fake CEO while seeking money from potential investors.

Attorneys for Radaris waited until the last minute to appear in court and contest what was all but certain to be a default judgment in favor of the plaintiffs, and then told the court that Atlas had failed to serve the real owners and operators of Radaris and several of its sister data broker companies.

Atlas re-filed the lawsuit in June 2025, this time dramatically expanding the number of Radaris family data brokers accused of violating Daniel’s Law. Matt Adkisson, president and CEO of Atlas, said Radaris turned to a tried-and-true playbook: Delaying in court until the last possible minute, and playing shell games with Radaris’s true country of origin and the individuals listed as owners and operators of these sites.

“We refer to this period as their island-hopping phase. Privacy policies changed constantly, and new entities kept appearing from places like the Marshall Islands, the British Virgin Islands, and Seychelles,” Adkisson told KrebsOnSecurity. “Behind the scenes, it felt like a shell game. Defense lawyers told the court that certain entities merely operated the domains and were the proper parties to sue. But by the time a judgment neared, those entities would be discarded and new entities would appear. Meanwhile, the lawyers claimed the other entities that actually owned the domains should not be held responsible.”

Adkisson said when the defendants updated their terms of service to state that Radaris was suddenly managed by a company in the Marshall Islands, Atlas hired an investigator in that country and soon learned the brand new entity that Radaris claimed was managing the company didn’t even exist yet.

Mr. Gurvits stepped forward as Radaris’s attorney in a class action lawsuit the company temporarily lost in 2017 because it never contested the claim in court. When the plaintiffs told the judge they couldn’t collect on the $7.5 million default judgment, the court ordered the domain registry Verisign to transfer the radaris.com domain name to the plaintiffs.

Mr. Gurvits appealed that verdict, arguing the lawsuit hadn’t named the actual owners of the Radaris domain name — a Cyprus company called Bitseller Expert Limited — and thus taking the domain away would be a violation of their due process rights.

The judge in the 2017 case ruled in Radaris’ favor — halting the domain transfer — and told the plaintiffs they could refile their complaint. Soon after, the operator of Radaris changed from Bitseller to Andtop Company, an entity formed (PDF) in the Marshall Islands in Oct. 2020. The plaintiffs never re-filed their lawsuit.

A mind map of various entities tied to Radaris and the company’s co-founders. Click to enlarge.

“That seemed to be their modus operandi,” said Raj Parikh, a partner at PEM Law in New Jersey who handles most of the Daniel’s Law litigation for Atlas. “In the past, they won by attrition. Plaintiffs’ attorneys tired of the procedural games and just gave up. That strategy worked for a decade, and it probably would have worked in this case too, since any financial recovery from foreign actors will be difficult. But we were acutely aware of the threat this website posed to law enforcement officers and other public officials in New Jersey, and decided early on to commit whatever time and resources were necessary to remove that threat.”

On August 26, the judge in the New Jersey case found the defendants were given multiple chances to appear and defend the claims against them but had failed to do so. Mr. Gurvits declined to comment on the case, saying it had been assigned to another attorney, a Mr. Victor Worms. In response to questions, Mr. Worms asserted the New Jersey court transferred Radaris.com to Atlas as part of a default judgment against Radaris.com, which is not a legal entity.

“We have made a motion to vacate that default judgment on the grounds that it is void since a non-entity has no legal capacity to sue or be sued,” Worms replied. “We also intend to pursue all appropriate appeals because we believe the transfer of Radaris.com amounts to a forfeiture in violation of various constitutional principles.”

While radaris.com still comes up prominently in results when searching online for U.S. residents by name, the domain no longer sells detailed personal dossiers on millions of Americans. Its homepage now displays a notice from Atlas, as well as links to our previous reporting on Radaris.

EMAIL CONFIRMATIONS

Atlas told KrebsOnSecurity that it has obtained more than 10,000 emails and documents in the course of litigation, and that those messages confirm our previous reporting on the owners and operators of Radaris and its myriad companies.

Atlas said the emails clearly establish that the nominal legal vehicles — Radaris America, Inc.; Bitseller Expert Limited; Digital Orbit Corp; Core Solutions Group Inc; Lucky Solutions Inc; Virtura Corp; Veripages Inc.; Nuform Solutions Inc.; Growth Data Advisors Inc.; Property Experts, Inc — are all administered by the same three or four people from the same mailboxes, share one bank or payment card set, and are all managed from one virtual office address.

“The corpus establishes, with documentary evidence generated independently by banks, payment processors, hosting providers, registrars, software-as-a-service vendors and the operators’ own systems, that radaris.com and at least twenty-five other people-search websites are one operation run by a small Boston-area group whose administrative, financial and technical functions sit on the difive.com mail domain and its successors (centerex.com, scienteco.com, eprofit.com, realmo.com, pub360.com),” reads a summary shared by Atlas.

Atlas said the emails show Radaris.com earns approximately $42,000 a month, while Veripages.com earns around $45,000 monthly via its partnership with the Lifetime Value Company, a marketing and advertising firm whose brands include PeopleLooker, PeopleSmart, NumberGuru, and Bumper, a car history site.

According to Atlas, the emails also showed the Radaris family of websites earns as much as $25,000 each month from their partnership with Onerep, a company that claims to help people remove their information from people-search sites. In March 2024, KrebsOnSecurity revealed how the Belarusian founder of Onerep had launched and operated dozens of people-search sites over the years and was continuing to operate one of them (Nuwber), effectively spreading the disease and selling the cure.

The domain radaris.com now redirects to this notice from Atlas about the court-ordered domain transfer.

All told, the New Jersey court has so far transferred 14 domain names from the Radaris family of companies to Atlas. Radaris.com now redirects to a notice of the court-ordered domain transfer.

THE ROAD AHEAD

The Radaris family of companies is still potentially facing fines of $1,000 per alleged violation of Daniel’s Law. For the time being, however, Daniel’s Law is facing a constitutional challenge from virtually all of the 150 other consumer data broker firms being sued by Atlas.

The data broker industry responded by having at least 70 of the Atlas lawsuits moved to federal court, challenging the New Jersey statute as overly broad and a violation of the First Amendment. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has not yet issued a decision on the constitutional challenge, but either way the case is widely expected to be appealed all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court.

Meanwhile, at least 14 other states have now passed laws modeled after the New Jersey statute, with more states considering similar measures. However, West Virginia’s Daniel’s Law was ruled facially unconstitutional under the First Amendment by a federal district court in August 2025.

Justin Sherman is a privacy expert and author of the forthcoming book “The Middlemen,” which examines how the data broker industry powers modern surveillance. Sherman said federal lawmakers have long faced intense lobbying by the technology industry against more restrictive U.S. data privacy laws, but that many powerful industries are now working against passing comprehensive data privacy legislation.

“These days at the federal level, add in the intense amount of lobbying against these laws from social media companies, big tech, cryptocurrency firms, and now AI proponents in the mix who claim that limiting their data scraping is somehow going to collapse the whole U.S. economy under Chinese rule,” he said.

Sherman said people-search companies will continue to thrive unless and until Congress enacts meaningful consumer privacy and data protection laws that are relevant to life in the 21st century. That’s because virtually all state privacy laws exempt records that might be considered “public” or “government” documents, including voting registries, property filings, marriage certificates, motor vehicle records, criminal records, court documents, death records, professional licenses, bankruptcy filings, and more.

At least 25 states have passed or implemented laws requiring age verification for residents seeking to access adult content online, but there is no federal law that limits how the companies that are scanning everyone’s drivers license can use, share or keep the data provided. Had such restrictions been enshrined in law, we may have avoided the recent breach at IDScan.net, which exposed the drivers license information on more than 153 million Americans when the records were briefly turned into a point-and-click identity theft service on the dark web.

“The average person can look at Daniel’s Law and have a perfectly normal reaction, which is that everyone should be covered, not just police and judges,” Sherman said. “But we don’t need more wake-up calls. We’ve had eight million wake-up calls already on the need for better privacy laws. The lack of comprehensive federal privacy law is not for a lack of knowledge, and anyone claiming otherwise is either not reading the news or kidding themselves.”

Why LinkedIn is challenging an overbroad government demand—and why Congress must make secrecy the exception

Today, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit heard oral argument in LinkedIn’s (a Microsoft subsidiary) appeal challenging a government demand for user records and a related secrecy order that is preventing LinkedIn from notifying those users that the government is seeking their data. The appeal asks important, constitutional questions about whether service providers may challenge demands that sweep in records unrelated to an investigation, and when the government may prevent a provider from notifying the user of a request.  

This appeal continues Microsoft’s longstanding work to ensure that secrecy orders remain the exception, not the rule. LinkedIn’s appeal asks courts to enforce meaningful limits on both the scope of government demands and the secrecy that can accompany them. 

We recognize law enforcement’s important role in protecting public safety and investigating crime, and sometimes that does need to be done covertly. We respond to lawful legal requests. At the same time, customers and users deserve meaningful limits and independent oversight through an adversarial process. And, customers deserve to be notified when the government seeks their data, unless the government clearly establishes the need for secrecy under statutory and constitutional standards. 

Those safeguards fulfill basic constitutional rights. The Fourth Amendment protects the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. That right applies to papers kept in a desk, and it also applies when personal and business records are stored online. Online service providers, like LinkedIn and Microsoft, also have a First Amendment right to speak to their customers when the government obtains an order to search their private information. Secrecy may sometimes be justified—but it should be tailored to demonstrated needs and subject to meaningful review.  

This particular case arose after LinkedIn received a court order seeking user records together with a secrecy order preventing LinkedIn from informing anyone about the order. The details remain under seal, including the nature of the information the government seeks and the people who own that information. But the Fourth Circuit partially unsealed LinkedIn’s opening brief in July, allowing the public to understand some of the core issues. LinkedIn argues that the demand is overbroad, the secrecy order is unconstitutional, and the government has violated LinkedIn’s due process by withholding evidence from LinkedIn. 

Three amicus briefs from a broad coalition support LinkedIn’s position. The American Civil Liberties Union and ACLU of Virginia argue that users’ privacy interests must inform whether a demand is reasonable and that providers may be the only practical means of challenging unlawful process because users often receive no notice. The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press warns that overbroad demands, delayed notice, and secret evidence can expose confidential sources and chill newsgathering. Amazon, Apple, Google, Meta, and X emphasize that cloud providers are uniquely positioned to identify irrelevant requests and that secrecy orders require case-specific evidence rather than boilerplate assertions. Together, these briefs show why cloud providers must be able to test both the scope of government demands and the need for secrecy. 

Microsoft has a long record of standing up for these principles. In 2014, Microsoft successfully challenged a secrecy order connected to a National Security Letter that prevented notice to an enterprise customer. In 2016, we filed a landmark challenge to the widespread use of indefinite secrecy orders. We’ve successfully challenged individual secrecy orders time and again over the years. Our efforts contributed to updated Justice Department policies, but executive-branch practices can change. Durable protections require the development of case law and legislation. 

The U.S. House of Representatives recently took an important step in that direction. On August 31, the House passed legislation to rein in secret surveillance and strengthen notice protections when the government seeks data held by technology providers. As we explained when the bill passed, the reforms would place clearer limits on secrecy orders, require greater accountability, and help ensure that secrecy is the exception – not the rule. The Senate should act promptly to send these historic reforms to the President. 

The House –passed legislation recognizes that privacy and public safety are not opposing values. Clear standards can give investigators the confidentiality they genuinely need while providing courts, providers, and customers with predictable rules. The pending legislation and LinkedIn’s appeal are the latest, complementary chapters in this broader effort. Legislation can establish durable, system-wide rules for notice and accountability. Courts must meanwhile enforce the limits already contained in existing statutes and the Constitution. Neither task requires obstructing legitimate investigations. Rather, both mean the government must seek only relevant information, justify secrecy with specific evidence, and infringe on speech to the least extent possible. 

That is why today’s argument matters beyond a single sealed investigation. People and organizations increasingly entrust their most sensitive information to online services. If providers cannot challenge demands they know are overbroad—or if courts may silence them without a rigorous, adversarial review—the safeguards the law requires will be weakened precisely when they are most needed.

Microsoft and LinkedIn will continue to support lawful investigations while standing up for customer privacy, transparency, and the rule of law. We have appealed to the Fourth Circuit to preserve providers’ ability to challenge overbroad demands and to require the government to meet its constitutional burden before imposing secrecy. And we urge the Senate to complete the work the House began by enacting durable non-disclosure order reform.

Further reading 

• House passes historic reforms to rein in secret surveillance 

• New success in protecting customer rights unsealed today 

• Keeping secrecy the exception, not the rule 

• DOJ acts to curb the overuse of secrecy orders. Now it’s Congress’ turn. 

• DOJ’s newly released recommended practices are a win for cloud and enterprise customers 

• Ensuring secrecy orders are the exception not the rule when the government seeks data owned by our customers 

• The need for legislative reform on secrecy orders 

• Freedom is built on the protection of privacy | Episode 2 

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