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24 billion stolen records exposed online. Here’s what to do

A newly discovered database containing 24 billion stolen records is a reminder that personal information from data breaches, phishing campaigns, and infostealer infections continues to circulate online.

The collection was exposed on the internet before being taken offline. While researchers can’t confirm exactly whose information was included, the discovery is a good opportunity to check whether your email addresses, passwords, or other personal data have already been exposed.

What happened?

Researchers at Cybernews found a publicly exposed database holding more than 8.3 TB of data.

The data, consisting of 24 billion credential records, reportedly came from 36 sources, including numerous Telegram channels, prior breach compilations, collections of infostealer logs, and some datasets apparently exported directly from live servers.

Because the data came from different sources there are some differences in what the records contain and how they are organized.

Some records were structured infostealer logs containing usernames, email addresses, and plaintext passwords, and the associated login URL. Infostealers are a type of malware designed to steal sensitive information from infected devices, such as your home computer.

An infostealer log from a single infected device can include passwords stored across all browsers, active session cookies and tokens (including those that bypass multi-factor authentication), autofill data, device fingerprints, and sometimes crypto wallets or messaging accounts. The complete bundle is what ends up in logs such as those seen by the Cybernews researchers.

Roughly 1.7 billion of the records came from hacking-related Telegram channels, mainly English and Russian, including at least one that was focused on stolen credit card data.

The exposed database was hosted on an Elasticsearch cluster. Elasticsearch is a tool used to quickly store and search lots of data. If an Elasticsearch server lacks passwords, authentication, or network restrictions, it can be accessed by anyone who finds it online. Without protections such as passwords or a firewall, anyone can read, copy, change, or even delete its data.

Other documents in the dataset contained information about known vulnerabilities, articles about breaches, and social media posts about cyberattacks. This suggests the owner actively monitors security news and vulnerabilities and enriches the credential hoard with fresh breach information, either for a commercial “monitoring” service or for offensive use.

A few years ago, we wrote about what was called the “mother of all breaches,” where the source of the dataset was later identified as data breach search engine Leak-Lookup.

This newly discovered 24 billion record exposure is in the same league as that previous mega‑dump, but appears more heavily weighted toward fresh infostealer logs, rather than older, static breach data.

Since the data was taken out of public view soon after the discovery, the researchers were unable to fully retrace everything they had found or determine how many duplicate records it contained. That’s reassuring because it reduces the chances of cybercriminals finding the database, but reused passwords may still put accounts at risk. And we still don’t know the purpose for the data collection in the first place.

What to do now

It’s good to be aware of how much information about you is out there and who’s gathering it, but it’s even more important to know exactly which information they have, since that is what they can use against you.

1. Check if your data has been exposed online using our Digital Footprint Portal.

2. If you discover exposed passwords, change them immediately and make sure you aren’t reusing the same password across multiple accounts. Prioritize updating your important accounts such as email, banking, shopping, and social media accounts.

3. Turn on multi-factor authentication (MFA) wherever possible, since it can help protect accounts even if a password has been exposed.

How to protect your data

Infostealers often spread through malicious ads, fake browser updates, and one-click downloads. Avoid clicking sponsored ads, and instead visit official websites directly. Download software only from trusted sources such as official vendor sites or app stores.

Another increasingly popular technique is ClickFix, a social engineering attack that tricks users into infecting their own devices. Never run commands or scripts copied from websites, emails, or messages unless you trust the source and understand what they do.

Pirated software, game cheats, cracked tools, and shady browser extensions remain common sources of infostealer infections. Stick to reputable software and extensions, and be wary of anything asking for excessive permissions.

Lastly, phishing emails are still a major threat. Be cautious of unexpected attachments, links, and urgent requests. If you’re unsure whether a message is legitimate, verify it through the company’s official website rather than the link in the message.

You can also use Malwarebytes Scam Guard to check individual messages. Just upload a screenshot and we’ll let you know if it’s a scam.


Breaches happen every day. Don’t be the last to know.



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24 billion stolen records exposed online. Here’s what to do

A newly discovered database containing 24 billion stolen records is a reminder that personal information from data breaches, phishing campaigns, and infostealer infections continues to circulate online.

The collection was exposed on the internet before being taken offline. While researchers can’t confirm exactly whose information was included, the discovery is a good opportunity to check whether your email addresses, passwords, or other personal data have already been exposed.

What happened?

Researchers at Cybernews found a publicly exposed database holding more than 8.3 TB of data.

The data, consisting of 24 billion credential records, reportedly came from 36 sources, including numerous Telegram channels, prior breach compilations, collections of infostealer logs, and some datasets apparently exported directly from live servers.

Because the data came from different sources there are some differences in what the records contain and how they are organized.

Some records were structured infostealer logs containing usernames, email addresses, and plaintext passwords, and the associated login URL. Infostealers are a type of malware designed to steal sensitive information from infected devices, such as your home computer.

An infostealer log from a single infected device can include passwords stored across all browsers, active session cookies and tokens (including those that bypass multi-factor authentication), autofill data, device fingerprints, and sometimes crypto wallets or messaging accounts. The complete bundle is what ends up in logs such as those seen by the Cybernews researchers.

Roughly 1.7 billion of the records came from hacking-related Telegram channels, mainly English and Russian, including at least one that was focused on stolen credit card data.

The exposed database was hosted on an Elasticsearch cluster. Elasticsearch is a tool used to quickly store and search lots of data. If an Elasticsearch server lacks passwords, authentication, or network restrictions, it can be accessed by anyone who finds it online. Without protections such as passwords or a firewall, anyone can read, copy, change, or even delete its data.

Other documents in the dataset contained information about known vulnerabilities, articles about breaches, and social media posts about cyberattacks. This suggests the owner actively monitors security news and vulnerabilities and enriches the credential hoard with fresh breach information, either for a commercial “monitoring” service or for offensive use.

A few years ago, we wrote about what was called the “mother of all breaches,” where the source of the dataset was later identified as data breach search engine Leak-Lookup.

This newly discovered 24 billion record exposure is in the same league as that previous mega‑dump, but appears more heavily weighted toward fresh infostealer logs, rather than older, static breach data.

Since the data was taken out of public view soon after the discovery, the researchers were unable to fully retrace everything they had found or determine how many duplicate records it contained. That’s reassuring because it reduces the chances of cybercriminals finding the database, but reused passwords may still put accounts at risk. And we still don’t know the purpose for the data collection in the first place.

What to do now

It’s good to be aware of how much information about you is out there and who’s gathering it, but it’s even more important to know exactly which information they have, since that is what they can use against you.

1. Check if your data has been exposed online using our Digital Footprint Portal.

2. If you discover exposed passwords, change them immediately and make sure you aren’t reusing the same password across multiple accounts. Prioritize updating your important accounts such as email, banking, shopping, and social media accounts.

3. Turn on multi-factor authentication (MFA) wherever possible, since it can help protect accounts even if a password has been exposed.

How to protect your data

Infostealers often spread through malicious ads, fake browser updates, and one-click downloads. Avoid clicking sponsored ads, and instead visit official websites directly. Download software only from trusted sources such as official vendor sites or app stores.

Another increasingly popular technique is ClickFix, a social engineering attack that tricks users into infecting their own devices. Never run commands or scripts copied from websites, emails, or messages unless you trust the source and understand what they do.

Pirated software, game cheats, cracked tools, and shady browser extensions remain common sources of infostealer infections. Stick to reputable software and extensions, and be wary of anything asking for excessive permissions.

Lastly, phishing emails are still a major threat. Be cautious of unexpected attachments, links, and urgent requests. If you’re unsure whether a message is legitimate, verify it through the company’s official website rather than the link in the message.

You can also use Malwarebytes Scam Guard to check individual messages. Just upload a screenshot and we’ll let you know if it’s a scam.


Breaches happen every day. Don’t be the last to know.



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Cardiac patients’ medical data stolen and held to ransom

Cardiac monitoring provider iRhythm has been hit by a data theft followed by an extortion attempt.

In a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), iRhythm revealed it was contacted by someone on June 9 who claimed to have stolen sensitive information, including proprietary data, patient PHI, and other personal information. That person demanded payment in exchange for not publishing the data.

iRhythm provides ambulatory cardiac monitoring and analysis (for example using the Zio patch) and has reportedly processed over two billion hours of heartbeat data from more than twelve million patients.

In the filing, the company said the data was obtained through social engineering and is from “certain third-party-hosted business applications”, without revealing any further details about the amount of data.

On its own website, iRhythm also doesn’t disclose much about the nature of the stolen data, but does seem to imply no financial data was affected:

“We have not identified any impact to our products, our clinical or medical device systems, our connections to customers, our manufacturing and distribution operations, patient safety, or our ability to meet patient needs. In addition, we do not store or retain individual financial account information or payment card information. 

 As we actively investigate, we will notify individuals affected by this incident in accordance with applicable law and take steps as needed to protect and remediate the impact to them.“

However, the SEC filing adds that iRhythm determined that the incident is significant, “in light of the volume of the potentially affected data.” Together with the extortionist’s claims that they have patients’ medical data, that makes the breach one worth noting if you have used iRhythm’s services.

Even without payment data, healthcare breaches have serious downstream effects:

  • Attackers can craft highly convincing emails, texts, or calls that reference specific procedures or monitoring episodes (for example, “about your recent Zio patch recording”) to trick patients into sharing more data or paying fake bills.
  • The breached data can be used to create a fake identity, insurance fraud, or medical identity theft.
  • Exposure of cardiac and other health‑related information can be deeply sensitive and may have employment/insurance ramifications, especially if data is posted publicly or sold to data brokers.

Healthcare breach data tends to circulate for years, and victims may face sporadic fraud and phishing attempts long after the headlines fade.

How to stay safe

If you’ve used iRhythm’s services, keep an eye on your post, email, and patient portals for official breach notifications from iRhythm or your healthcare provider.

In the US, breaches of protected health information that meet certain criteria must be reported to patients and regulators. iRhythm has promised to “notify individuals affected by this incident in accordance with applicable law and take steps as needed to protect and remediate the impact to them.”

To stay out of the hands of phishers and scammers:

  • When you receive a communication about the data breach, verify through other channels that it really came from iRhythm. Go directly to iRhythm’s official website or patient portal, or call a known phone number to confirm the communication is genuine.
  • Be extra suspicious of emails or texts that claim to offer compensation, refunds, or other financial consequences related to this incident.
  • Change passwords for your iRhythm‑linked portals and your cardiology or hospital patient portals, especially if you reused those passwords elsewhere.
  • Log into your health insurer’s portal and check claims on a regular basis.
  • If you see anything suspicious, report it immediately to your insurer and provider and ask them to flag your account for possible identity theft.
  • Do not provide personal or financial information over the phone just because the caller knows details about you which they may have obtained from the stolen data.

Let’s face it, an incognito window can only do so much. 
 
Breaches, dark web trading, credit fraud. Malwarebytes Identity Theft Protection monitors for all of it, alerts you fast, and comes with identity theft insurance. 

  •  

Cardiac patients’ medical data stolen and held to ransom

Cardiac monitoring provider iRhythm has been hit by a data theft followed by an extortion attempt.

In a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), iRhythm revealed it was contacted by someone on June 9 who claimed to have stolen sensitive information, including proprietary data, patient PHI, and other personal information. That person demanded payment in exchange for not publishing the data.

iRhythm provides ambulatory cardiac monitoring and analysis (for example using the Zio patch) and has reportedly processed over two billion hours of heartbeat data from more than twelve million patients.

In the filing, the company said the data was obtained through social engineering and is from “certain third-party-hosted business applications”, without revealing any further details about the amount of data.

On its own website, iRhythm also doesn’t disclose much about the nature of the stolen data, but does seem to imply no financial data was affected:

“We have not identified any impact to our products, our clinical or medical device systems, our connections to customers, our manufacturing and distribution operations, patient safety, or our ability to meet patient needs. In addition, we do not store or retain individual financial account information or payment card information. 

 As we actively investigate, we will notify individuals affected by this incident in accordance with applicable law and take steps as needed to protect and remediate the impact to them.“

However, the SEC filing adds that iRhythm determined that the incident is significant, “in light of the volume of the potentially affected data.” Together with the extortionist’s claims that they have patients’ medical data, that makes the breach one worth noting if you have used iRhythm’s services.

Even without payment data, healthcare breaches have serious downstream effects:

  • Attackers can craft highly convincing emails, texts, or calls that reference specific procedures or monitoring episodes (for example, “about your recent Zio patch recording”) to trick patients into sharing more data or paying fake bills.
  • The breached data can be used to create a fake identity, insurance fraud, or medical identity theft.
  • Exposure of cardiac and other health‑related information can be deeply sensitive and may have employment/insurance ramifications, especially if data is posted publicly or sold to data brokers.

Healthcare breach data tends to circulate for years, and victims may face sporadic fraud and phishing attempts long after the headlines fade.

How to stay safe

If you’ve used iRhythm’s services, keep an eye on your post, email, and patient portals for official breach notifications from iRhythm or your healthcare provider.

In the US, breaches of protected health information that meet certain criteria must be reported to patients and regulators. iRhythm has promised to “notify individuals affected by this incident in accordance with applicable law and take steps as needed to protect and remediate the impact to them.”

To stay out of the hands of phishers and scammers:

  • When you receive a communication about the data breach, verify through other channels that it really came from iRhythm. Go directly to iRhythm’s official website or patient portal, or call a known phone number to confirm the communication is genuine.
  • Be extra suspicious of emails or texts that claim to offer compensation, refunds, or other financial consequences related to this incident.
  • Change passwords for your iRhythm‑linked portals and your cardiology or hospital patient portals, especially if you reused those passwords elsewhere.
  • Log into your health insurer’s portal and check claims on a regular basis.
  • If you see anything suspicious, report it immediately to your insurer and provider and ask them to flag your account for possible identity theft.
  • Do not provide personal or financial information over the phone just because the caller knows details about you which they may have obtained from the stolen data.

Let’s face it, an incognito window can only do so much. 
 
Breaches, dark web trading, credit fraud. Malwarebytes Identity Theft Protection monitors for all of it, alerts you fast, and comes with identity theft insurance. 

  •  

VRChat says reported data breach never happened

A data breach notice has been filed with the Maine Attorney General, saying more than 2.4 million users of VRChat have had their data breached.

The question is, was it VRChat who filed the breach notice, or did someone pretending to represent the company post it instead? On Reddit, a VRChat representative posted:

VRChat did not submit this Notice of Data Incident, and we have no reason to believe that our systems have been compromised. We are in the process of contacting the Maine Attorney General’s office to have this removed.

The breach notice states that VRChat experienced unauthorized access to some account data between May 10 and May 12, 2026. The access supposedly happened in VRChat’s cloud environment and involved user profile and login-related data.

According to the notice, the information exposed varied by account, but may have included:

  • VRChat username
  • Email address associated with the VRChat account
  • VRChat+ subscription status
  • Login history, including device information, hardware identifiers, and IP addresses

VRChat is a social platform designed primarily for virtual reality headsets, allowing users to interact with others through user-created 3D avatars and worlds. Users can access VRChat through Steam for PC, the Meta Quest Store, or as an Android app for compatible devices.

The notice states that no passwords or payment card data was exposed. However, even without passwords or card details, there are still potential risks when it comes to other breached data.

Phishing

Cybercriminals may use usernames and email addresses in targeted phishing attempts. For example, users may receive phishing emails or in‑platform messages claiming to be from “Support,” with fake security alerts or prompts to “confirm your age” via a malicious link.

Knowledge of subscription status could make scams more convincing. A scammer could send tailored lures like “billing issue with your subscription” or refund scams, which tend to have higher click-through rates among paying users.

Account takeover

Cybercriminals may combine usernames and email addresses from one breach with passwords stolen in other data breaches and try them against accounts. This technique, known as credential stuffing, takes advantage of people who reuse passwords across multiple sites.

Valuable accounts may then be sold to other players or used for scams.

Identity correlation

Steam and Meta user IDs linked to breached accounts can help cybercriminals connect identities across gaming and social platforms, especially if the same email or profile name is reused.

IP addresses, login history, device information, and other identifiers can also help build a more detailed advertising or tracking profile of a user.

How to stay safe

Whether or not the breach turns out to be an actual breach, here are some steps you can take to protect yourself:

First and foremost, be cautious of emails, texts, or calls claiming to come from VRChat or the gaming platforms you used it on, as cybercriminals often exploit breaches with phishing scams.

If you’ve used your VRChat password anywhere else, change those accounts immediately, and set up two-factor authentication (2FA) on your VRChat account if you haven’t already.

More general advice can be found in our article on what to do when you find out you’re involved in a data breach.

Update June 11, 2026: Article was updated to reflect VRChat’s post on Reddit.

Before publishing our original article, we tried to contact VRChat on two separate email addresses but received no meaningful response.


Let’s face it, an incognito window can only do so much. 
 
Breaches, dark web trading, credit fraud. Malwarebytes Identity Theft Protection monitors for all of it, alerts you fast, and comes with identity theft insurance. 

  •  

VRChat says reported data breach never happened

A data breach notice has been filed with the Maine Attorney General, saying more than 2.4 million users of VRChat have had their data breached.

The question is, was it VRChat who filed the breach notice, or did someone pretending to represent the company post it instead? On Reddit, a VRChat representative posted:

VRChat did not submit this Notice of Data Incident, and we have no reason to believe that our systems have been compromised. We are in the process of contacting the Maine Attorney General’s office to have this removed.

The breach notice states that VRChat experienced unauthorized access to some account data between May 10 and May 12, 2026. The access supposedly happened in VRChat’s cloud environment and involved user profile and login-related data.

According to the notice, the information exposed varied by account, but may have included:

  • VRChat username
  • Email address associated with the VRChat account
  • VRChat+ subscription status
  • Login history, including device information, hardware identifiers, and IP addresses

VRChat is a social platform designed primarily for virtual reality headsets, allowing users to interact with others through user-created 3D avatars and worlds. Users can access VRChat through Steam for PC, the Meta Quest Store, or as an Android app for compatible devices.

The notice states that no passwords or payment card data was exposed. However, even without passwords or card details, there are still potential risks when it comes to other breached data.

Phishing

Cybercriminals may use usernames and email addresses in targeted phishing attempts. For example, users may receive phishing emails or in‑platform messages claiming to be from “Support,” with fake security alerts or prompts to “confirm your age” via a malicious link.

Knowledge of subscription status could make scams more convincing. A scammer could send tailored lures like “billing issue with your subscription” or refund scams, which tend to have higher click-through rates among paying users.

Account takeover

Cybercriminals may combine usernames and email addresses from one breach with passwords stolen in other data breaches and try them against accounts. This technique, known as credential stuffing, takes advantage of people who reuse passwords across multiple sites.

Valuable accounts may then be sold to other players or used for scams.

Identity correlation

Steam and Meta user IDs linked to breached accounts can help cybercriminals connect identities across gaming and social platforms, especially if the same email or profile name is reused.

IP addresses, login history, device information, and other identifiers can also help build a more detailed advertising or tracking profile of a user.

How to stay safe

Whether or not the breach turns out to be an actual breach, here are some steps you can take to protect yourself:

First and foremost, be cautious of emails, texts, or calls claiming to come from VRChat or the gaming platforms you used it on, as cybercriminals often exploit breaches with phishing scams.

If you’ve used your VRChat password anywhere else, change those accounts immediately, and set up two-factor authentication (2FA) on your VRChat account if you haven’t already.

More general advice can be found in our article on what to do when you find out you’re involved in a data breach.

Update June 11, 2026: Article was updated to reflect VRChat’s post on Reddit.

Before publishing our original article, we tried to contact VRChat on two separate email addresses but received no meaningful response.


Let’s face it, an incognito window can only do so much. 
 
Breaches, dark web trading, credit fraud. Malwarebytes Identity Theft Protection monitors for all of it, alerts you fast, and comes with identity theft insurance. 

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